Diagnosing cancer in its earliest stages can often lead to quicker treatment and more desirable outcomes. That’s why regular screenings and other early detection methods are some of the most important tools we have in treating cancer. It’s also important to remember that different types of cancer are detected in different ways.
Gynecologic cancers affect the reproductive organs and include cervical, ovarian, uterine (endometrial), vaginal, and vulvar cancers. Early detection can significantly improve outcomes, but not all gynecologic cancers have effective screening tests. It’s important to understand the screening options, signs to look out for, and your own risk level.
“Understanding your personal risk for gynecologic cancers is one of the most empowering steps you can take for your health,” said Dr. Brittany Case, medical oncologist at Southern Cancer Center. “Screening isn’t just about early detection, it’s about giving yourself the best chance at prevention and peace of mind. Talk to your doctor, know your options, and make informed choices that support your well-being.”
Screening for Cervical Cancer
Thanks to advancements in healthcare, there are multiple options available for effective cervical cancer screening. Screening for cervical cancer can detect precancerous cells before cervical cancer even develops.
Cervical cancer can be screened using two different methods, either separately or together:
HPV Testing:Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause of cervical cancer. HPV comprises a group of more than 150 related viruses that thrive in the cells found on the skin’s surface or other moist (mucosal) surfaces. Testing for the virus as recommended can help detect cervical cancer early.
A Pap test collects cells from the cervix; this can be done during a pelvic exam or separately. These cells are then examined under a microscope to look for abnormalities and detect changes in cervical cells that could develop into cancer if left untreated.
The American Cancer Society’s recommended screening guidelines for cervical cancer are as follows:
Cervical cancer testing should begin at 25.
Patients 25-65:
- Patients should have a primary HPV test every five years, or
- HPV + PAP co-test every five years, or
- PAP test every three years
Patients 65 and older:
- No screening needed if a series of prior tests within the previous ten years had normal results.
Anyone who has had a total hysterectomy (removal of the uterus and cervix) does not need a Pap or HPV test unless cervical cancer or precancer was the reason a hysterectomy was necessary.
Early Detection and Diagnostic Tests for Other Gynecologic Cancers
There are no approved effective screenings for those at average risk of developing other gynecologic cancers. But there are steps you can take to protect your health and detect these cancers as soon as possible. Understanding your risk level as well as what to look for can play a major role in getting treatment as soon as possible.
Here’s what you need to know:
Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer be hard to diagnose until its later stages because early stages often cause no symptoms, and symptoms that do occur can also be caused by other, less serious conditions.
Symptoms of ovarian cancer include:
- Bloating
- Pelvic or abdominal pain
- Trouble eating or feeling full quickly
- Urinary changes like urgency or frequency
Understanding what is normal for you can play an incredibly important role in identifying symptoms of ovarian cancer. Pay attention to changes in your body. If you experience any of these symptoms daily or near daily for more than a few weeks, talk to your healthcare provider.
Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer
There are currently no tests to find uterine cancer in people with average risk and no symptoms. A pelvic exam may be able to detect signs of some uterine cancers, but these are usually found in a more advanced stage of the disease. If you are at an average risk of developing uterine cancer, make yourself aware of the common signs and symptoms:
- Any vaginal bleeding between periods or after menopause
- Abnormal vaginal discharge
- Pain or pressure in your pelvis
If you have any abnormal bleeding, especially after menopause, see your healthcare provider as soon as possible. While these symptoms may not be caused by cancer, they should be taken seriously.
If you have hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC or Lynch syndrome), you are at high risk for developing uterine cancer. The American Cancer Society recommends anyone with Lynch syndrome, who can get uterine cancer, be offered a yearly endometrial biopsy starting at age 35.
Vaginal and Vulvar Cancers
While there are no screenings available for vaginal and vulvar cancers, having regular pelvic exams and understanding what signs and symptoms to look for can help with early detection.
Early symptoms can include:
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially after sex
- Abnormal vaginal discharge
- A mass or lump you can feel
- Pain during sex
Pay attention to your body and get regular pelvic exams so you can understand what is normal for you and recognize any changes in your body. If you have any concerns, contact your healthcare provider immediately.
Schedule Your Appointment with Southern Cancer Center
While cervical cancer has well-established screening protocols, other gynecologic cancers rely more on symptom awareness and risk-based assessments. Regular gynecologic checkups and open communication with your healthcare provider are key to early detection.
If you have been diagnosed with a gynecologic cancer or would like a second opinion on your gynecologic cancer treatment, call Southern Cancer Center at (251) 625-6896 or schedule an appointment online at www.SouthernCancerCenter.com.